专升本基础语法怎么学好（专升本英语语法）
英语语法
一、名词
（一）名词复数的不规则变化之改变元音字母的情况
男人女人a变e
【man-men woman-women】
鹅足牙齿o变e
【goose-geese foot-feet tooth-teeth】
虱子老鼠也好记——ous变ic
【louse-lice mouse-mice】
孩子变复ren不弃
【child-children】
（二）名词中特殊的复数形式
①某国人变复数
中日瑞士均不变
【Chinese Japanese Swiss】
英法荷兰a变e
【Englishman-Englishmen Frenchman-Frenchmen Dutchman-Dutchmen】
其他一律加s
【German-Germans American-Americans ...】
②单复数同形
Sheep（羊）
deer（鹿）
fish（鱼）
means（方式）
Chinese（中国人）
Japanese（日本人）
③形复实单
Physics（物理学）
politics（政治学）
mathematics（数学）
the United States（美国人）
（三）名词所有格
本质：表示所属关系1.'s所有格（表示有生命的所有格）
1、变化规则
①单数名词一般直接加's
the fox' s tail
②以s结尾的复数名词，直接加'
the girls' book
③不以s结尾的复数名词，加 's
People's park
2.of所有格（表示无生命物品的所有格）
A of B 译为“B的A”
the window of the room
3.双重所有格：a/an/the/this/that/some... +名词+ of +名词所有格/名词性物主代词
a friend of my uncle's（我叔叔的一个朋友）
（四）可数名词单数变复数
1.以0结尾的名词: 有生命加es，无生命加s
①有生命加es:
Negro-Negroes(黑人）hero-heroes(英雄） potato-potatoes(土豆） tomato-tomatoes(西红柿）
口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿
②无生命加s：photo-photos(照片) piano-pianos(钢琴) radio-radios(收音机)
2.复合名词变复数（复合名词：两个名词直接连在一起构成的复合词）
例：girl student——girl students 女学生 lemon tree——lemon trees柠檬树
[注]一般情况下，只将第二个名词变复数，若复合名词中含有man、woman时，两个名词都要变成复数。
例：a woman doctor——two women doctors 女医生
a man nurse——two men nurses 男护士
二、形容词、副词的用法
（一）形容词、副词最高级
1.主语+谓语+one of + the+最高级+名词复数+其他“……是……中最……的一个”①Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.
②Mr. Wang is one of the most famous
people in China.
2.比较级表达最高级含义
A +谓语+比较级+than+any other+名词单数+其他
A +谓语+比较级+than+all the other+名词复数+其他
①Jack Ma is richer than any other person in our village.
②Jack Ma is richer than all the other people in other village.
（二）形容词、副词比较级
1.A+谓语+比较级+than+B “A比B更……”
①I am more excellent than you.
②I work harder than you.
2.比较级+and+比较级 “越来越……”
better and better
例：
①Our life will become better and better.
②The weather gets warmer and warmer.
3.The+比较级（+主语+谓语）, the+比较级（+主语+谓语）.“越......越......”
例：
①The more, the better.
②The higher you stand, the farther you will see.
4.①主语+谓语+more+A+than+B. （A和B为形容词）“与其说B，不如说A。
②主语+谓语+more of+A+than+B.（A和B为名词）“语气说B，不如说A。
①He is more strong than fat. 与其说他胖，不如说他壮。
②He is more of an artist than an actor. 与其说他是一名演员，不如说他是一个艺术家。
5.“the+比较级”的特殊用法
句中若出现“of the two”这个介词短语时，用“the +比较级” 表示“两者中较…...的”
例：She is the taller of the two girls.
Of the two boys，Tom is the younger.
（四）形容词、副词原级的考点
句型一：
A+谓语+as+adj./adv.原级+as+B. “A和B一样......”
否定：A+谓+not+so/as+adj./adv.原级+as+B “A和B不一样......”
eg: She is as happy as a child.
He walks as slowly as an old man.
【注】A+谓+as/so+many+n复（或much+不可数n）+as+B.
“A和B一样多的.....”
eg: I have as many books as you.
I have as much money as you.
句型二：
A+谓+too+adj./adv.原级+to do sth. “太......而不能”
eg: It is never too old to learn.
She is too happy to stop.
【注】A+谓+too+ adj./adv.原级+a/an+n单+（for sb）to do sth. “太......而不能”
eg: It is too heavy a box for her to carry.
翻译：It is too difficult a problem to solve.
答案：这个问题太难而不能解决。
句型三：
A+谓+ adj./adv.原级+enough to do sth.(A主语）
A+谓+ enough +名词+to do sth.(A主语）
“足够......而能够做......”
【注】enough位于名词前，形容词副词之后。
eg: He is old enough to join the army.
You are beautiful enough to attract me.
I have enough money to buy a house.
【注】adj+enough+n
eg: He wants a long enough holiday.
（五）形容词的修饰作用
1.形容词作定语，修饰和限定其后的名词,一般放在n前(前置定语)
eg: a pretty girl 一个漂亮的女生
a cute cat一只可爱的猫
2. 以下形容词alive/asleep/awake/absent
/present，修饰名词时，位于形容词之后
eg: 一只飞鱼 a fish alive=a living fish
3. 形容词修饰不定代词后置的情况
表示人：somebody、anybody、everybody、nobody
表示物: something、anything、everything、nothing
eg: There is nothing difficult in the world.
eg: something important 一些重要的事
something interesting 一些有趣的事
（六）形容词的用法
1.“the+adj.”表示一类人，做主语时，谓语动词用复数；
adj: young、old、rich、poor、disabled（残疾的）...
eg: the old 老人
the young年轻人
The rich are busy all the day. (be)
2.形容词记忆口诀“县官行令色国材”
县（限）——限定词 a/an、the、this、that、my、his…
官（观）——观点描述词 beautiful、ugly、nice…
行（形）——形状、大小 round、square、big、small…
令（龄）——年龄 young、old、new、ancient…
色——颜色 black、yellow、red…
国——国籍 Chinese、 Japanese、foreign…
材——材质 stone、wood、plastic…
（七）特殊的形容词、副词
⑴hard
--adj. 艰难的，坚硬的
eg：It is a hard work.
这是一个艰难的工作。
--adv. 努力地
eg：She studies hard every day.
她每天都努力学习.
⑵hardly
--adv. 几乎不
eg：I can hardly hear you .
我几乎听不到你。
⑶Free
-- adj. 自由的，免费的
--adv. 免费地
⑷Freely --adv. 自由地
eg：You can speak freely in front Jack, but you can’t eat free in his restaurant.
你可以在杰克面前自由地说话，但是你不能在他的餐馆免费地吃。
三、（一）数词
①in+one's+基数词复数，“在某人几十岁时”
eg: 在他20岁时：in his twenties
②在具体哪一年：
eg：在2020年：in 2020
③在几世纪几十年代
eg：在19世纪70年代: in the 1870s = in the 1870's
（二）序数词的表达方法
123特殊记： first second third
8去t，9去e，f要将ve替，最后再加th ：
eg：eight——eighth
nine——ninth
five——fifth
twelve——twelfth
几十：变y为ie，再加th
eg：twenty——twentieth 第20
若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以：
eg：twenty-one——twenty-first 第21
twenty-five——twenty-fifth 第25
（三）分数，百分数
1、分数表达法
分子=基数词
分母=序数词 分子大于1，分母加s
eg：1/2=a half
1/4=a(one) quarter
或a(one) fourth
1/3=one third =one-third
2/3=two thirds=two-thirds
2、百分数
考点：分数/百分数 of+ 名词/代词，谓语动词的单复数与名词或代词保持一致
% 读作 percent
5% five percent
60% 60 percent
0.5%=one point five percent
（四）确数与约数
hundred(百) 、thousand（千）、million（百万）、billion（十亿）
dozen（一打，12个）
score(一打，20个)
three thousand
thousands of
考点：确数后无s，约数加s，加of “s与of共存亡”
eg：三千佳丽 three thousand beauties
成百上千 hundreds of
成千上万 thousands of
试一试：
About five thousand people died in the earthquake.
在这个地震中，大约有五千人死亡。
（五）倍数的表达
1.A+谓语+倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as +B.“A是B的……倍”
This building is three times as high as that one.
2.A+谓语+倍数+the+名词+of +B. “A是B的……倍”
【注】此处的名词常为size、height、depth、age、speed、weight、length
This building is three times the height of that one.
3.A+谓语+倍数+比较级+than +B.“A比B……多少倍”
The building is twice higher than that one.
四、介词
（一）含有介词to的固定搭配
object to doing sth. 反对做某事
look forward to doing sth. 期望做某事
eg：I am looking forward to receiving your reply.
我期待收到你的回复。
be/get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
eg：He is used to getting up early.
他习惯于早起。
get down to doing sth. 开始着手做某事
devote oneself/ one’s life to doing sth. 奉献某人的生命做某事
eg：She devotes her life to helping the poor.
她投身于她的生命去帮助贫穷人。
contribute to doing sth. 致力于做某事
make a contribution to doing sth. 为......做贡献
eg：We should make a contribution to protecting the environment.
我们应该为保护环境做贡献。
confess to doing sth. 坦白做某事
pay attention to doing sth. 关注、注意做某事
固定搭配：when it comes to doing sth. 当谈到......
eg：When it comes to evaluating school work,the professor will treat his students equally.
当谈到评估学校工作时，教授会平等地对待他的学生。
（二）可省略介词in的固定搭配
sb. spend 时间/金钱 on sth/(in) doing sth. 某人花费时间/金钱做某事
be busy (in) doing sth. 忙于做......
have a lot of/ no difficulty /trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
eg：He has a lot of difficulties (in) reciting words.他在背单词方面有困难。
succeed (in ) doing sth. 成功做某事
there is no sense/point (in) doing sth. 做某事是没有意义的
五、代词和不定代词
1.用于“两者之间”
①both “两者都……”
both of+ the +名词复数/them/you/us（人称代词宾格）作主语时，谓语动词用复数
Both of them like English.
②neither “两者都不……”
neither of +the +名词复数/them/you/us（人称代词宾格）作主语时，谓语动词用单数
Neither of the boys likes smoking.
③either “两者中的任何一个”
either of +the +名词复数/them/you/us（人称代词宾格）作主语时，谓语动词用单数
Either of the girls is good at English.
2.用于“三者之间”
①all “（三者及三者以上）都……”
All of +the +名词复数/them/you/us（人称代词宾格）作主语时，谓语动词用复数
②none “（三者及三者以上）都不……”
none of +the +名词复数/them/you/us（人称代词宾格）作主语时，谓语动词可单可复
All of the students are tired, but none of them want/wants to have a rest.
③every与each“（三者及三者以上）每一个”
every 强调整体
each 强调个体
each of + the +名词复数/them/you/us（人称代词宾格）作主语时，谓语动词用单数
Each of the clones is identical.
3、other；the other；another的区别
用法：①the other+n.单数=the other (one) （表示两者中的）“另一个”
②the other+n.复数=the others (表示其余的全部）“其他的；另外的”
③other+n.复数=others（表示其余分部分）“其他的；另外的”
④another 表示在一定基础上“又.....;再.....;又一......;再一......”
eg:⑴There are 50 students in our class.Ten are boys,and the others (=the other students )are girls.
⑵I have two brothers. One is a doctor, and the other(=the other brother) is a teacher.
⑶Many people like basketball,and others(other people) like football.
⑷I don’t like this shirt.Can you show me another one?
4.近义词among、between辨析
用法：这一对介词都表示“在......之间”
among 多用于三者或三者以上之间
eg：He is sitting among the students.
他坐在学生之中。
between用于两者之间，常与and搭配。
eg：I am sitting between my father and mother.
我坐在父母亲之间。
5.近义词some、any辨析
1、some 通常用于肯定句中，可修饰可数或不可数名词，译为“一些”
eg：I want some water/apples
考点：Some用于疑问句中表示建议或希望得到对方肯定回答
练一练：
eg：
Would you like some coffee? (表建议）
Could you give me some advice？
2、any用于否定或疑问句中，“任何” “一些”，修饰可数名词或不可数名词
eg：
⑴I haven’t any friends in Jiaozuo.
⑵I don’t have any bread.
练一练：
Do you have any question?/
Do you have any ideas?
Any 用于肯定句中，译为任何一个，后跟可数名词单数
做一做：
eg：Any error would lead to failure.( 任何一个错误都将导致失败。)
六、主谓一致
1.意义一致原则
①集体名词family、class、team、group作主语时：
指整体时，谓语动词用单数；
指个体时，谓语动词用复数。
My family is big.
And my family are friendly.
② a/an/the+名词单数+ and+ a/an/the+名词单数：
表示2个人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数
③ a/an/the+名词单数+ and+ 名词单数：
表示1个人2个身份，作主语时，谓语动词用单数
The singer and the dancer are going to make a speech.
The singer and dancer is going to make a speech.
④every/each/no+名词单数+and+(every/each/no)+名词单数，作主语时，谓语动词用单数
Every student and every teacher has a gift.
⑤ the number of+名词复数（……的数量），作主语时，谓语动词用单数
⑥ a number of+名词复数（许多……），作主语时，谓语动词用复数
The number of people is 500，but a number of people are absent.
2. 中心词一致原则
①“许多” many+名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词用复数
many a/an+名词单数，作主语时，谓语动词用单数
Many boys like cars.
Many a boy likes cars.
②“不止一个”more than one+名词单数，作主语时，谓语动词用单数
more+名词复数+than one，作主语时，谓语动词用复数
More than one student is late.
More students than one are late.
③ rest/most/some/half/分数/百分数+of+ 名词/代词，作主语时，谓语动词由名词/代词决定
Two fifths of the land is covered with trees and grass.
3.就近原则
用法：由以下词语连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数与较近的主语保持一致。
not only...but also...(不仅......而且......)
not...but...(不是......而是......)
neither...nor...(既不......也不......)
either...or...(或者......或者......)
eg: Not only you but also I was invited to the party.
Not he but you are going to visit the building with us.
4.就远原则
用法：由以下词语连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数与较远的主语保持一致。
as well as (和);with;along with;together with(和）
except(除了）；excluding（除了）；but(除了）；
including（包括）；besides（除......之外还有......)
rather than(而不是）
eg: A library with 5000 books is provided to the students.
We except Tom were invited to the party.
七、虚拟语气
1.If引导的虚拟条件句
对现在的虚拟：
从句谓语动词—did/were
主句谓语动词—would/could/should/might+动词原形
对过去的虚拟：
从句谓语动词—had done
主句谓语动词—would/could/should/might+have done
对将来的虚拟：
从句谓语动词—
①did/were
②were to do
③should do
主句谓语动词—would/could/should/might+动词原形
If I had come earlier，I wouldn’t have missed the bus.（对过去的虚拟）
If she were to win，she might treat me a meal.（对将来的虚拟）
2.含蓄虚拟语气
引导词：without、but for、or/otherwise
这几个词相当于if从句，其主句的谓语动词形式和if虚拟句主句的谓语动词一样
即：对现在——
句子谓语是would/could/should/might+动词原形
对过去——
句子谓语是would/could/should/might+have done
对将来——
句子谓语是would/could/should/might+动词原形
I passed the test. I wouldn't have pass it without your help.（对过去）
八、定语从句常考的点
1.as在定语从句中的用法是固定搭配：
①As we all knows = As is known to all 众所周知
②As is said/reported/mentioned 正如所说的/正如所报道的/正如所提及的
③As is often the case 这是常有的事
2.先行词是the way时：
①从句不缺成分时，关系词用that/in which/省略
②从句缺成分时，关系词用that/which（若缺宾语时，则可以省略关系词）
（一）定语从句that的特殊情况
1.关系词只能用that的情况：
⑴先行词为不定代词（由all、much、little、none、few、one、some、something、everything、anything）等不定代词充当或被这些修饰时
This is all that I can give you.
⑵先行词被最高级、序数词或限定词：the only（唯一）、the very（正是）、the last（最后一个）、the just等修饰时
例:
①This is the last thing that Kobe did for his daughter.
②This is the best novel that I have ever read.
⑶当先行词既有人又有物时
例：
①We’re talking about the persons and the things that we met in Beijing.
②They talked of things and people that they remembered in school.
限制性定语从句中只用that的情况
（同⑴⑵⑶）
⑷当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句中关系词只用that
例：Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat?
2.关系词不能用that的情况：
①介词之后不能用that
介词+which（指物）/whom（指人）
【注意】介词的选择要与先行词或者从句的谓语动词构成固定搭配
He is the man with whom I talked just now.
②非限制性定语从句不能用that
非限制性定语从句中，which可以指代前面的整句话
He worked very hard, which makes his father very happy.
（二）定语从句whose 的用法
（表所属关系，用whose或of which/whom)
whose+n.≥of which/whom+the+n.
whose的选择原则:
①从句不缺成分
②先行词与从句主语构成所属关系
③从句主语前无the
eg：I like the house, whose window faces to the sea.
I like the house, of which the window faces to the sea.
九、主动被动语态
（一）被动语态
1.构成：be+过去分词done
2.不同时态下的被动
一般现在时：主动——am/is/are/动词原形/动词单三
被动——am/is/are+done
一般过去时：主动——was/were/动词过去式
被动——was/were+done
一般将来时：主动——will/shall+动词原形
被动——will/shall+be done
现在进行时：主动——am/is/are+doing
被动——am/is/are+being done
过去进行时：主动——was/were+doing
被动——was/were+being done
现在完成时：主动——have/has done
被动——have/has been done
过去完成时：主动——had done
被动——had been done
将来完成时： 主动——will/shall have done
被动——will/shall have been done
3.无被动的情况：
①be动词和感官系动词无被动
②不及物动词和不及物动词词组无被动
a.happen vi. 发生；碰巧
happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事
happen to be done碰巧被……
b.occur vi. 发生
It occurs/occurred to sb. that... 某人突然想起……
c.take place 发生
d.break out 爆发
e.break down 出故障
f.come true 实现
g.consist of 由……组成
h.belong to 属于
i.appear 出现
j.disappear 消失
（二）情态动词的主被动
常见的情态动词：must(必须)、can/could（能）、may/might（可能）should=ought to（应该）、 will/would（将会，将要）
主动：主语+情态动词+V.原
被动：主语+情态动词+be done
eg：You must clean the room.
被动: The room must be cleaned by you.
(改错题)
Trees and flowers can seen everywhere.
A B C D
【解析：trees树flowers花和see看之间是被动关系，see的过去分词是seen，又因情态动词的被动形式是“情态动词+be done”，所以应该是 can be seen. 句意：树和花到处都能被看到。】
十、it的小用法
1. it 可指上文中出现的同类又同物的名词。
One 指上文中提到的同类不同物的单数，复数用ones
That 指上文中提到的可数名词单数或不可数名词
Those 指上文中提到的可数名词的复数
eg：
That book is mine. Please pass it to me.
Your watch is so beautiful. I want to buy one.
Her younger sister is taller than the elder one.
The weather in Zhengzhou is better than that in Beijing.
2.it 可指时间、天气、距离、身份不明的人等。
eg:
⑴--what’s time is it?
--it is 9 o’clock
It is five o'clock now. ( 指时间）
⑵--what’s the weather like today?
--it’s sunny/cold/windy/rainy.
It is snowing outside. ( 指天气）
⑶It’s a ten minutes’ walk.= it is a ten-minute walk
It is 2 hours’ walk. (指距离)
⑸I like this house，but I can't afford to buy it.
⑹---Who is knocking at the door?
---It must be Jarry. (指身份不明的人)
强调语句:
It is / was ...that\ who... 正是/ 就是......
eg: It was in the cinema that we met each other for the first time.
就是在那个电影院我们第一次相遇。
It is in this small house that they are working hard.
就是在这间小屋里，他们勤奋地工作着。
小试牛刀：
It was he who gave me a hand yesterday. (翻译)
（一）it做形式主语
it做形式主语，真正的主语是doing/to do/that从句，主要句型有：
句型1：It is no use / no good doing...... 做某事是没有用/没有好处的。
eg：It is no good spending too much time watching TV.
It is no use crying over spilt milk
小试牛刀：
It is no use regretting for what you did after making a mistake.(翻译)
句型2：It is said/reported/believed/thought that...
“据说/据报道/普遍相信/普遍认为……”
句型3：It is +主观adj (+for sb) +to do sth. 对某人来说，做某事是…...的
（此处主观adj.修饰做某事）
(主观adj.常为：important、impossible、difficult/hard、easy、necessary等））
eg: It is necessary for us to do exercises every morning .
It is necessary for the boss to decrease the amount of coal used.
小试牛刀：
It is important for her to solve this problem right away. (翻译)
句型4：It takes/took sb+时间+to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间。
eg: It took me four hours to go there and back.
It takes me two weeks to finish the work.
小试牛刀：
It took him several weeks to find out the truth.
句型5：It is +品质adj (+of sb) +to do sth.某人做某事是…...的
（此处的品质adj.修饰人）
（常为：kind、nice、polite、rude、clever、considerate等)）
eg：
⑴It is impolite of him to speak to the old man loudly.
⑵ It is rude of you to treat the patients in a bad way.
小试牛刀：
It was very considerate of him to wait for us . (翻译)
句型6：It is a waste of time/money doing sth. “做某事是浪费时间/金钱的。”
句型7：It occurs/occurred to sb. that... “某人突然想起……”
（二）it做形式宾语
it做形式宾语：真正的宾语是doing/ to do/that从句
主语+find/regard/believe/think/make/feel
/consider+it+adj./n.+doing/to do/that从句
（三）it的三个时间段
it的三个时间段
①现在：It is/has been+时间段+since+一般现在时的句子“自从……多久了”
②过去：It was+时间段+before+一般过去时的句子“过了多久才……”
③将来：It will be+时间段+before+一般现在时的句子“再过多久才……”
十一、时间状语
（一）过去完成时将来完成时常见的时间状语
1.过去完成时常见的时间状语：
by/till/until+过去时间 “到……为止”
by the end of+过去时间 “截至到……末”
by the time+ 一般过去时的句子 “到……时”
before+过去时间 “……之前”
before+过去时间/一般过去时的句子 “……之前”
2.将来完成时常见的时间状语：
by/till/until+将来时间 到......时/为止
by the end of+将来时间 截止到......末
by the time+ 一般现在时的句子 到......时
before+将来时间 /一般现在时的句子 在…...之前
3.现在完成时常见的时间状语：
①already已经，yet还，尚未（用于否定句或者疑问句中）
②never从不，ever曾经 recently最近
③by now=so far=until/till now=up to now到目前为止
④since+过去时间/一般过去时句子 自从
⑤in/over/during the past/last+时间段 在过去的...里
⑥for+时间段 表示动作持续了…...
十二、时态的重要考点
（一）现在完成时
1.谓语动词的形式：have/has done
否定句：主语＋have/has not +done+....
疑问句：Have/Has+主语+done+...？
eg：We have learned 3000 words by now.
The city has changed a lot in the past ten years.
Have you never been to Beijing?
语法:
1.①have/has been to 去过某地（去者已归）
②have/has gone to 去了某地（去者未归）
She has been to Beijing three times. 她已经去过北京3次了。
She has gone to Japan. 她已经去日本了。
2.当句中有once, twice, three times等表示次数的词出现时，用现在完成时。
I have seen Jack Ma three times.
3.This/It+is+the+最高级+名词+that从句，从句用现在完成时 “这是……中最……的”
He is the most handsome boy that I have ever seen.
4.This/It+is+the+序数词+time+that从句，从句用现在完成时 “这是……第几次……”
It is the first time that I have met him.
5.现在完成时的时间状语若是since+过去时间或者for+时间段，谓语动词不能是短动作，但是短动作可以转化为相应的be+形容词或者介词
die---be dead
leave----be away from
finish---be over
begin/start---be on
fall asleep---be asleep
go/come here--- be here
join---be in
marry---be married
They have been married for 30 years.
（二）过去完成时
1.谓语动词的形式：had done
2.否定句：主语＋had ＋not+ done＋其他.
疑问句：Had+主语+done＋其他?
eg：We had learned 3000 words by the end of last term.
We had not learned 3000 words by the end of last term.
Had you learned 3000 words by the end of last term？
（三）将来完成时
1.谓语动词的形式：will/shall have done
2.真题链接：
By the time you get to New York， I D for London.（by the time+一般现在时的句子）
A. would be leaving
B. am leaving
C. have already left
D. shall have left
By the end of this term，we D the textbook. (by the time+将来时间)
A. finish
B. have finished
C. will finished
D. will have finished
十三、强调句型（不能用于强调谓语）
1.句型：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分 “正是……就是......”
[注意：who 只能强调主语且指人时，that可用于任何情况]
eg: I met him in the street last week.
主语 谓语 宾语 地点状语 时间状语
→强调主语：It was I that/who met him in the street last week.
→强调宾语：It was him that I met in the street last week.
→强调状语：It was in the street that I met him last week.
注意：此句型不用于强调谓语”
Eg:①He hit me in the classroom.（原句）
It is he who/that hit me in the classroom.（强调主语）
It is me that he hit in the classroom.（强调宾语）
2.特点：把It is/was 和that/who去掉之后，句子依然完整
3.常考点：It is/was+not until+被强调部分+that+其他成分 “就是知道……”
It was not until he came back that I left. “就是知道他回来我才离开。”
十四、倒装
当as引导让步状语从句时，形式上需要半倒装，译为“尽管”
形式：n./adj./v./adv. + as + 主 + 谓
eg：Although he is ugly, he is gentle. 虽然他很丑，但他很温柔。
如果前半句用as代替although的话，应该写成：
Ugly as he is, he is gentle.
真题链接：
Great ___ the difficulties are,we must try our best to succeed.(2008)
A.though B.although C.while D.as
十五、So/Neither/Nor用于回答，放在句首时的用法
1. So用于肯定回答
So+情/助/be+主语 “某人也一样”（上下文说的不是同一对象）
So+主语+情/助/be “确实如此” （上下文说的是同一对象）
例：①—— Cai Xukun is handsome.
——So he is.(确实如此)
——So is Wu Yifan. (吴亦凡也很帅)
② —— She looks forward to going to scool.
—— So do I.(我也是)
2.neither/nor 用于否定回答
neither/nor+情/助/be+主语 “某人也不...”
eg：—— My sister doesn't like football.
—— Neither do I.(我也不喜欢)
十六、反义疑问句
1.当主语是 I 时，反问部分用 aren't I?
eg：I am as young as you，aren't I ?
2.当陈述部分主语是something、anything、nothing、everything时，反问部分的主语为it.
eg：Everything is OK，isn't it?
3.当陈述部分是：主语+used to do sth.时，
反问部分用didn’t+主/usedn't+主？
eg：He used to get up at 6 o'clock，_________？
A.used to B.did he C.didn’t he D.should he
十七、高频考点词
（一）[use v./n.使用] 的用法
用法：
1.be/get used to doing sth. 习惯......
eg：I am used to getting up at six o’clock now.
2.used to do sth.过去常常做某事
eg：I used to get up at nine o’clock.
3.it is no use doing sth.做...是没有用的
eg：It is no use learning English without practice.
4.make use of 利用
eg：We should make full use of every chance to speak English.
（二）近义词辨析accident，event，incident辨析
用法：这几个词都可以表示“事件”
accident“事故”，多指意外的事件或偶然事件
eg：An accident happened in the street yesterday.
昨天街上发生了一起事故
event“事件”，常指重大事件或历史事件
eg：the ten chief events in the world last year.
去年世界上的十大事件。
incident“事件”，即可指日常生活小事，又可指引起国际事端的事件
eg：an ordinary incident 日常小事；
the Lugouqiao Incident 卢沟桥事变
专升本常用句型语法
句型1：sb.+ spend + 时间/ 钱 +（in）doing sth./ on sth. 花费时间/金钱…...
eg：He spent ten days finishing this tough task.
I spent 600 dollars on the plane model.
We spent ten days in finishing the work.
小试牛刀：
The six astronauts on the spaceship will spend ten days in space. (翻译)
句型2：主+谓语+ so +形容词/副词+that…
主+谓语+such +a/an+形容词+名词+that… 如此......以至于......
He is so busy that he doesn't have time to have a rest.
他太忙了以至于没有时间休息。
He was so busy that he even forgot to write home.
他忙得连家信都忘了写。
小试牛刀：
The rain is so heavy that we can’t go home at once. (翻译)
She is such a good teacher that many students like her. (翻译)
语法
① why not + 动原....=why don’t you + 动原
为什么（不）做某事
② but原则（前有do 后无to, 前无do, 后有to）
其中do不指动词原形，而是do本身
have nothing to do but+动原........
have no choice but to +动原....
eg：The departure time of the flight had been postponed, so we had nothing to do but wait.
eg：The departure time of the flight had been postponed, so we had no choice but to wait.
③ prefer doing A to doing B
prefer to do A rather than to B
Would rather do A than do B
Would do A rather than do B
与做B相比，更愿意做A
eg：She prefers to dance rather than to swim.
She prefers dancing to swimming.
比起游泳她更喜欢跳舞。
I would rather stay at home than go shopping.
④ had better do sth. 最好做......
否定形式 had better not do sth
同位语从句的使用条件
同位语从句是对其前抽象名词的解释说明，使用时须同时满足2个条件：
①从句前有抽象名词
②从句不缺成分（且通常由that引导）
【补充】常见的抽象名词：
faith/belief（信仰，信念）
news/information/message（消息，信息）
fact/truth（事实，真相）
idea/view/thought（想法，观点）
question/problem（问题）
advice/suggestion（建议）
wish/hope（希望）
evidence/proof（证据）
order（规则）
fear（害怕，担忧）
plan（计划）
promise（承诺）
conclusion（结论）
dream（梦想）
The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.
The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
非谓语作宾补中的固定搭配
1.主语+let/make/have +sb. do sth. 使/让某人做某事
主语+let/make/have +sth. done 使/让某事被做
2.get sb. to do sth. 使/让某人做某事
get sth. done 使/让某事被做
3.“四看一听一发现一感觉”
see、watch、notice、 observe、 hear、 find、feel+宾语+
do sth. 主动；短动作
doing sth. 主动；长动作
done 被动；长/短动作
4.keep/leave+宾语+doing sth. 使……一直……（主动）
keep/leave+宾语+done 使……被……（被动）
5.catch+宾语+doing sth. 抓住……正在做某事
6.want/ask/warn/force/persuade/tell sb. to do sth.
想要/要求/警告/强迫/劝告/告诉某人做某事
7.advise/allow=permit/ban=forbid sb. to do sth.
建议/允许/禁止某人做某事
勇于逆转
不畏熵值
争做锦鲤
